Unit 3 || Trigonometry || Sin(a + b) Formula & Proof (Geometrical Explanation) || IB Math Guide
Proof of sin(A + B) Using Geometrical Construction
Result to Prove
\[ \sin(A+B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B \]
Construction (Case 1: \(0^\circ < A+B \le 90^\circ\))
- Let OX be the horizontal axis.
- Construct angle \(A\), then extend to angle \(A+B\).
- Take a point P on the terminal side of angle \(A+B\).
- Draw \(PA \perp OX\).
- Draw \(PB \perp\) terminal side of angle \(A\).
- From B, draw \(BC \perp OX\).
- From B, draw \(BD \perp PA\).
- Join OB and OP.
Step 1: Express sin(A + B)
\[ \sin(A+B) = \frac{AP}{OP} \]
Step 2: Split the Height
\[ AP = AD + DP \]
\[ \sin(A+B) = \frac{AD + DP}{OP} = \frac{AD}{OP} + \frac{DP}{OP} \]
Step 3: Express Each Term
\[ \frac{AD}{OP} = \frac{CB}{OB} \cdot \frac{OB}{OP} \]
\[ \frac{DP}{OP} = \frac{DP}{BP} \cdot \frac{BP}{OP} \]
Step 4: Convert into Trigonometric Ratios
- \(\frac{CB}{OB} = \sin A\)
- \(\frac{OB}{OP} = \cos B\)
- \(\frac{DP}{BP} = \cos A\)
- \(\frac{BP}{OP} = \sin B\)
Step 5: Final Substitution
\[ \sin(A+B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B \]
Conclusion
Thus, using geometrical construction and decomposition of lengths, we have proven:
\[ \sin(A+B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B \]